"A significant improvement in social connectedness was also observed..." but no improvement in cognitive functions, depression, anxiety, psychological well-being, and satisfaction with life.
"Gardening-based training programs have a small-to-medium effect on mental health in people living with chronic conditions. Relatively small effects were found for physical health and general health" [such as pain, obesity, anxiety, depression, hypertension, cognition dysfunction]
"may be helpful in helping seniors lose weight, reduce their waist circumference, lower their stress and cortisol levels, improve their physical flexibility, social interaction, and daily vegetables and fruit consumption.
Gardening activities have positive health-related consequences [including] improved diet and nutrition, decreased diastolic blood pressure, greater physical activity, and reduced weight gain/body mass index... However, the current literature does not provide sufficient evidence of the physical functioning consequences of gardening.
Restoration and Physical benefits were the strongest explanatory variables of participants' positive aging self-perceptions.
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