Are we running out of sand?

https://youtu.be/SB0qDQFTyE8?si=BEx1cINLc84916F4

Sand is a complex material: It's not just beach sand, but a range of materials with different properties. (0:22)

Sand is essential for concrete: Concrete is a vital building material, and sand is a key ingredient. (3:19)

Sand is not evenly distributed: It's a non-renewable resource, and mining it can have environmental impacts. (4:49)

We can make sand: Crushing rocks can create manufactured sand, which can be more environmentally friendly and even stronger than natural sand. (5:09)

Sand shape matters: Rounded sand is easier to work with, but angular sand can make stronger concrete. (6:48)

• Workability vs. strength: Adding water to concrete makes it easier to work with, but weakens it. Rounded sand requires less water, leading to stronger concrete. (9:32)

The myth of dune sand: The idea that dune sand is unusable in concrete is a myth. (12:19)

Sand scarcity is misleading: The real issue is the cost of fans is increasing, due to environmental regulations and transportation costs. (14:27)

Concrete is a huge industry: The scale of concrete production leads to significant environmental and social impacts. (14:47)

Sand is not the only option: We can use recycled concrete aggregates and other materials to reduce our reliance on virgin sand. (17:11)

• Technology can change the game: Just like diamonds and timber, sand can be produced synthetically and sustainably. (15:30)

The video concludes that while the world is not running out of sand, we need to be more mindful of the costs associated with its extraction and use. (17:36)