Friday, February 16, 2024

How uranium for reactors is made

An introduction to Uranium. 
2)#Uranium is a very different fuel unlike #coal & #gas that are burned "as is" in #electricity power plants.🏭⚡️ #Nuclear fuel needs to be specially processed and then packaged into fuel rods that are then loaded into reactors to generate #CarbonFree electricity.
3) Mined #Uranium⛏️is processed into drums of Yellow Cake #U3O8🛢️that in the West are shipped🚢🚛 to plants in Canada, US & France for "Conversion" into a gas form called #UF6 which is then shipped in cylinders🚛 to plants in US & Europe for "Enrichment" into #Nuclear fuel⚛️
4)Enriched #Uranium (EUP) is then shipped🚛to fuel fabrication plants🏭 where it's processed into solid "Pellets" that are loaded into reactor fuel rods which are bundled into "fuel assemblies" ready to be shipped🚛 to #Nuclear power plants for loading into reactors⚛️⚡️
5)These stages of #Uranium processing are together called the "#Nuclear Fuel Cycle".♻️⚛️⛏️ Operators of reactors must sign contracts🧾with companies providing Mining, Conversion, Enrichment, Fuel Fabrication, and as well must arrange shipments between each facility.🌎🚢🚛🚂
6) As #Uranium, UF6 & EUP have to be shipped to facilities in various locations worldwide🌍🚢 for processing at each #Nuclear fuel cycle stage, it can take 2 years or more from initial delivery of mined #U3O8⛏️ to finished reactor fuel assemblies that are ready to load.⚛️
7)#Nuclear utilities normally sign contracts for the manufacture of #Uranium fuel⚛️🏭 starting with Fuel Assemblies then working backwards thru Enrichment SWU, Conversion then finally mined #U3O8 needed to feed the whole cycle as last domino to fall in the contracts chain⛏️
8)#Russia's invasion of #Ukraine🪖 first led to #Uranium Enrichment SWU & Conversion prices more than doubling in 2022⏫ in a price wave🌊that's cascaded up thru #Nuclear fuel stages, finally arriving at mined #U3O8⛏️last year with Spot price breaching $100/lb this year🏄🐂
9)The price wave from a surge in demand for non-Russian enriched #Uranium in the West⚛️⛏️🛒 can only crest and come crashing onto the beach🌊💥 when there is ample new supply of mined #U3O8🏭 to meet the West's soaring demand for #Nuclear fuel to achieve #EnergySecurity
10)But there's a problem.⚙️🔧 #Uranium prices fell off a cliff after Fukushima in 2011.⬇️⛏️ New mine projects were cancelled✖️ many mines were closed🏭⛔️ and investment in exploration dried up 💰⤵️🌵 even tho #Nuclear fuel demand was rising year after year!🌞⚛️🏗️
11)Demand for safe, 24/7 reliable #CarbonFree #Nuclear power is now highest in 3 decades.⏫ More than 25 nations pledged at #COP28 to TRIPLE global Nuclear capacity by 2050⚛️🏗️⤴️🌍 to achieve #NetZero🌞 & #EnergySecurity.🔒⚡️ 62 new reactors are under construction!
12) There's a massive #Uranium supply deficit stretching out for many years ahead that cannot be quickly fixed🐌 due to production & supply chain issues and insufficient restarting & new mines which take many years to come online while today's mines are in decline.⛏️
13)#Nuclear utilities drew down inventories & delayed purchases of new #Uranium fuel.🦥 Now, with prices surging in a pivot away from Russia amidst the drive to achieve #EnergySecurity & #NetZero emissions🌞 there's 2.3 Billion lbs #U3O8 in contracts yet to be signed🧾
14)With #Uranium stockpiles depleted⤵️⛏️ amidst a slow & insufficient supply response🏭🐌 #U3O8 prices are poised to surge higher for many years to come.🚀🌜This is the once-in-a-lifetime #investing opportunity on offer today by U #mining #stocks.😎🍹

No comments:

Post a Comment

Search This Blog

Followers