Amongst a host of other associations, a study found "crashes involving pedestrians in dark clothing" as a risk factor for pedestrian motor vehicle accidents.*
Even during daytime, "Motorists were more likely to stop for a brightly-clothed pedestrian."
A crosswalk warning sign, unfortunately, had no effect. "The presence of a warning sign located 48 meters before the crosswalk had no significant effect on motorists' yielding under daytime conditions."
However, a sign between the lanes of traffic was more effective at getting drivers to stop than a flashing yellow light.
"the produced very high levels of driver yielding, and that it was as effective as the 2 more expensive treatments."
* Other associations were:
"elderly pedestrian (>64 years) alcohol impairment resulting in fatalities, crashes in an open country location with a high posted speed limit, crashes involving pedestrians in dark clothing on high-speed (50–55 mph) roadways, alcohol-impaired driver involvement in crashes on two-way roads without physical separation, severe injury crashes at intersections, male pedestrian crashes on midblock locations during weekends, and young (15–24 years) female driver's involvement in crashes while pedestrians were walking against the traffic."
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