Tuesday, April 30, 2019

Best Fiber Supplements | Reviews.com

"psyllium stands out because of what happens when it's mixed with water: It gels, and stays gel-like even as it passes through your body.
"Many fiber sources like inulin or wheat dextrin don't gel, or gel but lose their stickiness as they travel through the intestines. Instead, these fibers ferment, which causes much of the bloating and flatulence for which fiber is notorious.
"...looking for formulas that were easy to measure and free of off-putting odors, textures, smells, and flavors.
"[Psyllium] becomes more viscous the longer it sits. After three minutes, the texture reminded us of runny applesauce, and our main takeaway post-testing was that you should drink it quickly.
"We were unable to give Metamucil MultiHealth our top spot due to the sheer amount of sugar it contains — sucrose appears first on the ingredient list...
"I recommend people get their fiber from food first because along with the fiber, they also get vitamins, minerals, powerful plant compounds, water, and electrolytes"

"Instagram traps" are changing art museums"

Current culture, obsessed with social media, forces galleries to change how they think about displaying art and interacting with the public.

When Airbnb goes wrong: (Marketplace)

At 7:27 he says to look for hosts that have at least 50 reviewed that have only 5-star ratings, and at 7:38 he says to opt for Airbnb-plus and "super-hosts."

Monday, April 29, 2019

The truth about asbestos use in the U.S.

At 1:26: Asbestos - a contaminant in crayons and makeup. 

How Asbestos is used in the Chlorine Industry | Mesothelioma.com

"Asbestos Use in Chlorine Manufacturing

Manufacturing chlorine has been in practice for well over a century, though many plants still use more toxic and unsafe methods to produce it. In general, the industry relies on three basic manufacturing processes:

The mercury cell process

The diaphragm cell process

The membrane cell process

All of these processes rely on the same basic chemistry. Chlorine and its co-products are created by electrolysing a salt solution with a direct electric current that ultimately converts chloride ions into chlorine. While the mercury cell process is decreasing globally and much of Europe has adopted the safer option of the membrane cell process, several plants in America still use diaphragms made from asbestos.

The diaphragm cell process works with a combination of water and sodium chloride to create a brine solution, which is processed and filtered to remove impurities. Heat is applied to the solution and more salt is added until the purified brine solution is prepared for the electric current, which is where the asbestos materials come into play.

An asbestos diaphragm is usually used to separate the cathode and anode, which will create the current. Though the United States Geological Survey noted in a recent asbestos study that more plants are looking for alternatives for the asbestos diaphragms, at least 15 plants in the United States still use these products today. According to the EPA, a typical plant will use anywhere from 5 – 25 tons of asbestos each year in production of these diaphragms.

The industry relied on making asbestos diaphragms because of the mineral's durability and chemical resistance. These properties help the diaphragm prevent the caustic soda also being produced in the process from reacting with the chlorine."


Brief history of the Banana Business and its shady past.

Fusarium oxysporum, or "Tropical Race 4" fungus causes "Panama disease" by infections the "corm" or underground bulb of the banana tree, and quickly kills the monoculture of Cavendish bananas prevalent worldwide, which itself was developed and promoted in the 1920's to replace the "Gros Michel" variety.
Luckily, so far, this fungus has not yet reached Latin America. But when it does, a genetically modified Cavendish variety may be the only hope to save the 2.2 billion dollar banana industry in the US, unless an alternate banana variety can suit the tastes of the American public.

An update on this story in 2021: Father's are spending millions to prevent this same fungus from spreading to Latin America, the world's largest producers of bananas 
There is a genetically modified strain of banana resistant to the fungus, but people aren't buying the idea of GM crops, even though bananas are sterile and can't propagate a genetic modification. 


https://youtu.be/nhPEErJnErU

Sunday, April 28, 2019

Snowclone

snowclone is type of phrase that has a standard pattern in which some of the words can be freely replaced; for example, the pattern "X is the new Y" can become "Navy is the new black" or "Comedy is the new rock ’n’ roll" or "Staying in is the new going out", and so on

It's a cliché and phrasal template that can be used and recognized in multiple variants. The term was coined as a neologism in 2004, derived from journalistic clichés that referred to the number of Eskimo words for snow.

The claim that Eskimo languages (specifically, Yupik and Inuit) have an unusually large number of words for "snow", first loosely attributed to the work of anthropologist Franz Boas, has become a cliché often used to support the controversial  linguistic-relativity hypothesis: the idea that a language's structure (sound, grammar, vocabulary, etc.) shapes its speakers' view of the world. This "strong version" of the hypothesis is largely now discredited, though the basic notion that Eskimo languages have many more root words for "snow" than the English language is itself supported by a single 2010 study.

Saturday, April 27, 2019

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

Two-ingredient pizza dough

Greek yogurt and self-raising flour.

Put a pizza stone or inverted baking sheet on the center rack of the oven and preheat to 450 degrees F.

Put the flour and yogurt in a large bowl and mix with a fork until a shaggy dough forms. (The dough may appear dry and crumbly at first, but it will come together as you mix it.) Turn the mixture out onto a lightly floured work surface and knead until the dough is smooth and slightly elastic, about 8 minutes, dusting with more flour if necessary. If the dough feels too dry, add water, a tablespoon at a time and continue kneading until it is soft and pliable. Divide the dough in half, roll into balls and then use a rolling pin to roll out into two 10-inch pizzas. Dust the back of another inverted baking sheet or pizza peel with more flour, semolina or coarse cornmeal and place a circle of dough on top. 

Top the dough round with sauce and shredded cheese as desired, leaving a half-inch bare border around the edge. Slide the pizza onto the preheated stone or baking sheet in the oven. Alternatively, roll out the dough on a baking sheet, top as desired and put the sheet in the oven to bake. Cook until the crust is golden and the cheese is bubbling, 8 to 10 minutes. Using a large spatula, transfer the pizza to a cutting board and let sit 5 minutes. Repeat with the remaining dough round.

Cook's Note

When measuring flour, we spoon it into a dry measuring cup and level off excess. (Scooping directly from the bag compacts the flour, resulting in dry baked goods.)

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

Eery creepy science of the body farm.

Popular Science article: We need more 'body farms' to figure out how corpses rot - cadaver decomposition.

"unfortunately, a lot of people do die in the ocean…homicide victims are dumped, but also you’re going to have…maritime disasters, planes that go down, boats that go down, tsunamis...we still don’t know much about it. But researchers are starting to fill in the gaps in our knowledge...Gail Anderson, a forensic entomologist at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia... Kimmerle and her team are planning to study how corpses decompose in the state’s uniquely moist conditions at a new facility in Florida... Researchers do know that tissue may linger in water that is cold or low in oxygen, but predicting how a body will break down is rarely straightforward...“It really, really varies,” Anderson says. “In some of my experiments we’ve had pig carcasses…last months and months with almost no change whatsoever, and in some cases they’ve been skeletonized in three days.”
Water’s inhabitants can also complicate matters. On land and even in fresh water,will devour a body. In the sea, you’re more likely to find other arthropods such as and sea lice—or, less often, fish or sharks, Anderson says...She has seen how oxygen-rich water can better host voracious scavengers. “In some areas…there were such thick levels of on them you couldn’t see the carcass,” Anderson says.
https://www.popsci.com/body-decomposition-farm-florida

Saturday, April 20, 2019

3D printing all at once, not in layers - computed axial lithography

There is no planet B



Inspiring story of a young girl making a powerful difference. As she points out, having Asperger's gave her the persistence to follow through from her initial angst, and launch a school strike protest that grew virally.  
I like the poster at 4:54 that says "There is no planet B"

Crowdfunding challenges


Crowdfunding is hard - entrepreneurs are optimists by nature, and can't foresee all the hurdles and expenses that may prevent eventual shipment of their product. 

Old words for apathy

I finally found a good example of Google's Ngram viewer for the prevalence of words over time. The Victorian words torpor and languor have been supplanted by apathy and lethargy, all with very similar meaning. I find it humorous that "apathy" was particularly prevalent in the 1960's.
torpor - inactivity resulting from lethargy and lack of vigor or energy
languor - showing an unusual lack of energy
lethargy - showing an unusual lack of energy
lassitude - weakness characterized by a lack of vitality or energy
listlessness - inactivity resulting from lethargy and lack of vigor or energy
inanition - exhaustion resulting from lack of food

Friday, April 19, 2019

Why is chicken so cheap? | The Economist

Chickens have undergone such aggressive breeding that they now cannot survive long beyond the 40 days or so it takes to raise them, and they can't survive without human intervention.

Your next car may be Chinese and electric

China is aggressively subsidizing the production of electric cars, and building out a huge infrastructure for charging. The ultimate aim is to dominate the electric car production market worldwide.

The Shed: The kinetic architecture of New York’s newest cultural institution

Innovative, imaginative building with a moveable Teflon shell that is lightweight, flexible, and can withstand wind loads. In addition to providing a large public space that can transmogrify from open to enclosed, it acts as a gantry for lifting large artwork or installations to upper levels of the building.

Untethered One-Legged Hopping

Impressive demonstration of balance.

"Passively compliant" - adjusts its movement in response to sensors.

"In industrial robotics, the term compliance refers to flexibility and suppleness. To define what compliance is, the definition of non-compliance is useful. A non-compliant (stiff) robot end effector is a device which is designed to have predetermined positions or trajectories. No matter what kind of external force is exerted the robotic end effector will follow the exact same path each and every time. On the other hand, a compliant end effector can reach several positions and exert different forces on a given object...Active compliance must be set by the user and will vary for each application process. It is commonly set up via software programming of the servo joints and uses sensors...Passive compliance is applied during the setup of the robotic cell and will always stay active in the background"

Boston Dynamics also showcased the ability to jump, with arms anticipating and compensating for balance.


This jumping robot winds up from a low crouch for maximum height.



Nice demonstration of how this jumping robot can traverse terrain very difficult for other robots by jumping over it.



Thursday, April 11, 2019

Life at the bird feeder.

Such a delightful description of the buzz of activity at a bird-feeder. I thought you could relate. I love the characterizations and personalities of the different species.

FIRST PERSON

The pecking order at my bird feeder hit home for me this year

JANET TRULL

Contributed to The Globe and Mail.
APRIL 10, 2019


Like the local crowd at Foodland, chickadees know each other and understand the etiquette of waiting their turn, especially on Fridays before long weekends.


First Person is a daily personal piece submitted by readers. 

I am losing the winter birds at my feeder. As the snow recedes they flock away to feast on decomposing pumpkins and corn cobs in farmers' fields. The avian population that survived cruel winter storms does not need my food bank any more. I am filling the stations less and less, and soon I will take them down and store them with the shovels and snow shoes.

This winter, as I fed the birds, I also looked after my wee granddaughter, Annalee. Her parents have migrated from the far north, and they are adjusting to life in central Ontario with some transitory time at Grandmother's house. Babies winter very well. Annalee observes a fire with the mindfulness it deserves. She snuggles deep inside her mother's coat on walks across the lake, and naps several times a day while the grown-ups work on job applications and jigsaw puzzles. By January, she has learned the knack of sitting up, which widens her world considerably. We place her high chair in front of the window so she can watch the endless hustle and bustle at the bird-feeding stations.

The black-capped chickadees are reliable customers. They arrive early, emerging from the surrounding hemlocks to claim a spot at the feeder with the red-wire cage, the easiest perch for their little feet to grasp. Their conversations are pleasant and social. Like the local crowd at Foodland, they know each other and understand the etiquette of waiting their turn, especially on Fridays before long weekends. When the tourists arrive, they knowingly roll their eyes at each other and retreat to the cedar trees until the crowd leaves.

Grosbeaks and nuthatches and juncos come and go. They obviously have residences elsewhere. Cottages in Muskoka. Golf villas in Florida. They eat with the impatience of food critics, scattering sunflower seeds wastefully on the frozen ground. Then one of them gets a text about a feeder with a trendy new seed mix menu over on the next concession and away they go.

The blue jays are Annalee's favourites; big, brash and bossy with self-proclaimed fast passes to skip the lineups. They treat the feeder like a World Series spread of nachos and pizza and wings. Grab a bite. Watch a bit of the game. Squawk about the good old days. Get in disagreements with other fans and peck them between the eyes. Grab another bite.

Chickadee-dee-dee, the locals comment, shaking their wee heads at the big blue boors. It is only a matter of time until these loudmouths criticize the customer service and leave without tipping.

Once there are parking spaces at the feeder again, the chickadees return. They rarely fight, but they do know how to self-advocate. When the sunflower seeds get scarce, there is some fluttering of wings and grandstanding. One smart little guy comes and taps on the window. Time for a refill!

Atop the blue spruce, a raven sits and makes dire pronouncements like an aging parliamentarian. He never comes down for seeds. He gets his fill from roadkill and the steaming piles of rubbish at the dump. Still, he likes to oversee procedures at the feeder. He likes to remind the chickadees that he could eat them for breakfast if he so pleased. He will steal the eggs right out of their nests in June. Annalee is not afraid of him. She waves and claps. I think it makes him mad.

Enter the squirrels. With the thickest, most luxurious fur, the black one is the boss. He is always hatching a plan, trying to get to the feeder the easy way. Up the trunk of the tree, along the branch, slide down the rope and … oops. Slips off. Tries again.

The red squirrels come in pairs, yelling and belligerent and keeping their distance from their bigger cousin who has some kind of a grudge against them. They perform ridiculous stunts to get their fair share, leaping, knocking the feeder sideways, latching on to the little landing pad with their tails and gobbling great mouthfuls like drunks sucking on beer bottles.

The grey squirrel times his visits with the exit of the jays. He sits under the feeder, quietly cleaning up the leftovers. This doesn't take much energy. He is fat and happy, like Buddha, at peace with the world. When 12 giant turkeys stop by, checking for bread crumbs, he doesn't give up his seat. They gobble gobble at him, trying to determine what kind of threat he might be. Grey ignores their taunts. He has heard this rant before.

Annalee is teething. Aching gums waken her in the middle of the night. She demands a walk through the dark house. We are surprised to see late visitors at our bird theatre. The red fox creeps out of the shadows, sniffing around under the feeder. Mice and voles are tunnelling below, chewing on seeds that have been carelessly missed by the daylight creatures. Fox hops up and dives, nose-first, into the snow and surfaces with a wriggling thing in his mouth. Sneak attack successful, he follows the secret path along the bush line, back to his den.

High up in the maple, the barred owl pays attention and waits. Who cooks for you? He wonders before silently swooping down to find the shrew that the fox forgot.

Annalee falls asleep, her head heavy on my shoulder. She will be leaving soon, migrating west where her parents can find jobs.

Before I turn in for the night, I pull on my boots and refill the food bank for tomorrow's early birds, anticipating a new round of strategic tactics in the ongoing negotiations for limited resources.

Janet Trull lives in Haliburton, Ont.


First Images of a Black Hole

said the audience gasped and applauded when the images were first shown. It's incredible that Einstein predicted, somewhat to his own surprise, that black holes would exist and would  be round, and the article said that "an astrophysicist at Yale, said that Einstein must be delighted. "His theory has just been stress-tested under conditions of extreme gravity, and looks to have held up."...with no signs of deviations from general relativity."

Actually, although this is a landmark event, I think recent history will be divided into the time before and after the first human was genetically modified in China, not before and after this image of a black hole. Time will tell.

Tom

-----+--+++++---+++-------
Joshua Glant

News might have reached you already, but scientists today revealed images taken by the Event Horizon Telescope – the first images ever taken of a black hole, in the center of Galaxy M87! Scientists "knew" that they existed, but before now, there was no direct visual proof of their existence. Some have described this scientific achievement as absolutely seminal in the progress of mankind: "history will be divided into the time before the image, and the time after."
Black holes are so heavy that not even light can escape from being sucked into their gravity and pulled over the event horizon (the edge of the black hole's physical singularity), so no direct observation of a black hole itself is physically possible. But some black holes are big enough that you can see light being sucked towards it and swirling in a massive ring before crossing over the event horizon and being sucked in! That's what this picture captures – the "shadow" of an absolutely monstrous black hole. The black hole is so distant that the actual image is pretty unclear as of the initial effort, but the general observation lines up exactly with what Einstein would have expected in his general theory of relativity, 100 years ago.
The first image is what the scientists captured, and the second is a computer-generated imitation of what scientists expect that it actually looks like. With this first image taken and released, scientists are now working to develop even better images so we can work to further understand some of the strangest celestial phenomena in our universe.
There are still many mysteries in the universe that we know very little about.









Wednesday, April 10, 2019

Cures for the common cold - the evidence

Cures for the common cold: vitC, Zn, NSAID (anti-inflammatories like Motrin/Alleve/Advil,) maybe garlic

[Maintenance *preventative* vitamin C helps but therapeutic *rescue* vitamin C doesn't]. Wouldn't bother with zinc because of the bad taste reported.

In the general community trials involving 10,708 participants, the pooled relative risk [of getting a cold] was 0.97 [meaning absolutely no beneficial effect.] Five trials involving a total of 598 marathon runners, skiers and soldiers on subarctic exercises yielded a pooled relative risk of 0.48  
"the effect of regular vitamin C on common cold duration...in adults the duration of colds was reduced by 8% (3% to 12%).. The severity of colds was also reduced by regular vitamin C...No consistent effect of vitamin C was seen on the duration or severity of colds in the therapeutic [i.e. given after the cold started, as opposed to preventive maintenance vitamin C] trials....given the consistent effect of vitamin C on the duration and severity of colds in the regular supplementation studies, and the low cost and safety, it may be worthwhile"
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4/abstract


Zinc for the common cold.
"zinc was associated with a significant reduction in the duration (days) (mean difference (MD) -1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.72 to -0.34) (P = 0.003) (I2 statistic = 89%) but not the severity of common cold symptoms...The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of developing a cold (IRR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.88) (P = 0.006) (I2statistic = 88%), school absence (P = 0.0003) and prescription of antibiotics (bad taste (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.71 to 3.11) (P < 0.00001) and nausea (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.23) (P = 0.002)"
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001364.pub4/abstract


"Acetaminophen may help relieve nasal obstruction and rhinorrhoea but does not appear to improve some other cold symptoms...The data in this review do not provide sufficient evidence to inform practice regarding the use of acetaminophen for the common cold"
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD008800.pub2/abstract


"...NSAIDs did not significantly reduce the total symptom score... For respiratory symptoms, cough did not improve...but the sneezing score significantly improved (SMD -0.44, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.12...) For outcomes related to the analgesic effects of NSAIDs (headache, ear pain, and muscle and joint pain) the treatment produced significant benefits...
NSAIDs are somewhat effective in relieving discomfort caused by a cold but there is no clear evidence of their effect in easing respiratory symptoms."
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006362.pub3/abstract


"146 participants to either a garlic supplement... reported 24 occurrences of the common cold in the garlic intervention group compared with 65 in the placebo group (P value < 0.001), resulting in fewer days of illness in the garlic group compared with the placebo group (111 versus 366). The number of days to recovery from an occurrence of the common cold was similar in both groups (4.63 versus 5.63)"
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006206.pub4/abstract

Cochrane database: Garlic for the common cold.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22419312/

Cold remedies:

Honey
 A Cochrane systematic review was published in April 2018 looking at the effects and harms of honey in helping relieve cough in children.

The review shows that honey is probably effective in relieving cough symptoms and may be as effective as OTC preparations. A simple remedy our grandmothers would endorse. You can read more in my blog here.

Vitamin D
 Vitamin D is best known for its effect on calcium metabolism and for keeping our bones healthy. It would appear to have benefits in preventing the common cold as well. Prof. Adrian Martineau led a team of authors of a systematic review published in the BMJ in 2017, which investigated the effect of Vitamin D on upper respiratory infections (URTIs). The review concluded that there is high certainty evidence that vitamin D supplements help prevent URTIs, especially in those who have a deficiency.

In summary:

As things stand, we are destined to continue to suffer from colds. There is as yet no effective vaccine available and no conclusively proven preventative measure that can help keep us immune.

OTC antihistamine and decongestant preparations taken alone or in combination may help a little in relieving symptoms.

Otherwise, its down to common sense …… and pass the tissues.

https://www.evidentlycochrane.net/just-pass-tissues/


Big Brother is Listening... to your voice



By analyzing "vocal biomarkers" like tone, speed, pauses, and emphasis on words, and other more nuanced markers in speech, software can detect mood, emotion, depression/anxiety and so on. Companies like CompanionMx and Voicesense have bold claims of detecting commercially useful personality profile of customer's voices, like investment style, risk of defaulting on a loan, or risk of an employee leaving. 

Tuesday, April 2, 2019

When to book a flight

"the study found 76 days before a trip to be the best time to book domestic flights"
"Prime Booking Window (about 4 months to 3 weeks in advance): This booking window is when travelers can expect the biggest savings, according to CheapAir.com."
"Tuesday was the cheapest day of the week to fly, with flights up to $85 cheaper"
"For winter, travelers can find affordable options as long as they steer clear of flying on Christmas week and to ski destinations. The average best time to book is 94 days (about three months) from the date of travel, with the prime booking window running from 74 to 116 days before a trip."





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